World Resources Institute (WRI) · 2024
Carbon markets for cost-efficient emissions reductions in India
Carbonado:Why India is building a carbon market at all, and what it takes to design one well.
Read the reportChapter 1 of 8
A carbon market starts with a limit. Here it is a limit per tonne of product.

Carbonado
Carbon atom, four bonds · your guide to the market
Meet our regulated entity: a cement plant that makes 1,000,000 tonnes a year. I'm going to follow it through one year of a carbon market.
Every market starts with a rule about how much carbon is allowed. There are two common ways to write it. A cap fixes the total tonnes for everyone. An intensity target fixes the tonnes allowed per tonne of product instead.
India's CCTS uses intensity targets, and so does PromETS Easy Mode. Our plant's target is 0.82 tonnes of CO₂ for every tonne of cement.
Carbonado says:
Remember this
An intensity target does not stop you growing. It makes every tonne you produce answer for its carbon.
In the game: Your year-one target is on the play screen, under "This year vs your target".
Intensity-Based Target
Emissions limits set relative to output, not as a hard total.
Absolute Cap
A hard limit on total emissions across all regulated entities.
Intensity vs Absolute: Is One Inherently Better?
Why the two designs are the same instrument when output is known, why they only diverge under output uncertainty, and why a well-set intensity benchmark can beat a rising absolute cap.
World Resources Institute (WRI) · 2024
Carbonado:Why India is building a carbon market at all, and what it takes to design one well.
Read the report